Mining & Minerals

Mineral Broker Licence Tanzania: Who Qualifies, Fees, Buying Stations and Limits

Cover: mineral broker licence in Mainland Tanzania under the Mining Act Cap. 123 and GN 2 of 2018, with the fee in register line F0623
The Mining Commission broker licence: citizen-only, buying-station based, renewed every 30 June and closed to export. As at 12 October 2026.
Direct answer

What is a mineral broker licence in Tanzania? It is a separate Mining Commission licence under the Mining Act, Cap. 123, that lets a Tanzanian citizen or a wholly citizen-owned company buy gold or gemstones at a designated buying station and sell them to a licensed dealer. It costs TZS 50,000 to apply plus TZS 200,000 (F0623), expires every 30 June and never allows export.

The broker licence is the entry tier of mineral trading on the Mainland. This guide covers eligibility, fees, buying stations, records, royalty, penalties, the foreign buyer's route, Zanzibar and a worked example.

What the law says about the mineral broker licence

A broker licence is a distinct mineral trading licence, not a label for any middleman. Three instruments govern it.

Section numbers here follow the 2019 revised edition. Cap. 123 R.E. 2023 renumbers the Act (royalty moved from section 87 to 111), so confirm the 2023 numbers before quoting them.

The Mining Commission's FAQ page lists "Broker licences (BL)" as a licence type of its own, beside "Dealer Licences (DL)".

Who should read this

Miners should start with our primary mining licence guide; exporters with the mineral dealer licence guide.

Who can hold a mineral broker licence?

Only Tanzanians. The rule comes in by cross-reference rather than in the broker sections themselves.

Dentons EALC's chapter in the Mondaq Tanzania mining guide states that "A broker's licence can only be issued to Tanzanians." RIVE & Co (9 May 2026) describes it as "restricted to Tanzanian citizens or local companies". The register line F0623 records the same limit.

"Local company" means the strict section 8(2) test, not the dealers' 25 percent rule: one foreign shareholder or director fails it. Our note on mining ownership checks shows how the Commission tests membership and control.

No person may hold a broker licence for uranium (section 86).

What does a broker licence allow, and what does it not?

Section 83(1) authorises the holder to buy or acquire gold or gemstones at a designated buying station and to sell them to a licensed dealer at a Mineral and Gem House. The licence form, MTF.9, authorises the holder "to buy, sell or otherwise deal in" the stated minerals "for a period of twelve months from the date of issue".

ActivityBroker licenceBasis
Buy gold or gemstones from authorised minersYes, at the buying station or stations named in the licenceMining Act s.83(1); s.27C(4)(b); Form MTF.8 item 5 (zone)
Sell to a licensed dealerYes, at a Mineral and Gem Houses.83(1)
Possess minerals lawfullyYes, as a licensed brokers.18(1)
Export any mineralNos.83(2); s.18(3); Form MTF.9
Sell gold direct to the Bank of TanzaniaNot listed as an eligible sellerBoT public notice, 1 Oct 2024
Deal in uraniumNos.86
Buy and sell building or industrial mineralsYes, under a broker licence for those minerals, within Tanzania, with POS machinesGN 2 of 2018 reg. 13D, added by GN 418 of 2022

Section 83(2) is blunt: "A broker licence shall not authorize the holder to export any mineral or minerals." Cymbell Attorneys put it as a licence that "only grants the licence holder with a domestic market".

Regulation 14 of GN 2 of 2018 mentions brokers among export permit applicants for diamonds and coloured gemstones. The Act prevails over a regulation, so treat export as closed to brokers and route gemstone exports through a dealer.

How much does a mineral broker licence cost?

Broker fees are set in shillings, not dollars, and are far lower than dealer fees. The figures below are from the First Schedule to GN 2 of 2018, as substituted by GN 742 of 2019, and are recorded in register line F0623. Each fee is paid to the Mining Commission at the official amount against a control number.

ItemBroker licenceDealer licence, for comparisonRegister
Application fee, non-refundableTZS 50,000USD 200 (TZS 450,000)F0623; F0622
Licence feeTZS 200,000Gold, metallic and coloured gemstones USD 1,000 (TZS 2,300,000); diamonds USD 2,000 (TZS 4,500,000); coal and industrial minerals USD 500 (TZS 1,200,000)F0623; F0622
Renewal application feeTZS 50,000USD 100 (TZS 230,000)F0623; F0622
Renewal feeTZS 200,000Same as the licence fee for the classF0623; F0622
OwnershipCitizens only, s.80(3) with s.8(2)At least 25% Tanzanian-heldF0623; F0622
Export permit applicationNot availableUSD 100F0628

Unlike the dealer fee, the broker fee does not vary by mineral class. The 2018 text showed TZS 15,000 and TZS 100,000; those figures were replaced, so do not budget from older guides that still quote them.

How do you apply for a broker licence?

Section 80 requires an application to the Commission "in the prescribed form" with the prescribed fee. It must state the names and physical address of the applicant, the minerals and the buying stations, with two recent passport-size photographs. Regulation 12(2) of GN 2 of 2018 requires the application "in duplicate to the Commission".

Form MTF.8 asks for nationality, address, the company's constitution, the minerals, the zone, financial resources and any conviction for dealing in precious minerals.

In practice the application is lodged with the Resident Mines Office for the zone, which reports to the Mining Commission. The Commission runs an online cadastre system at portal.madini.go.tz. We could not confirm from a public Commission page whether broker files are lodged on that portal or on paper at the office, so ask the office on the day.

A company should first hold its BRELA certificate, a TIN and a register of members showing citizen ownership; see our business registration and TIN registration services. Under section 81(1), a proper applicant "is entitled" to the grant unless disqualified. We found no statutory decision period.

How long is a broker licence valid, and how is it renewed?

Section 81(2) makes the licence valid for a maximum of twelve months from issue and provides that it expires on 30 June of each year. A licence issued in November therefore lasts about eight months, not twelve.

A missed 31 May date risks a gap from 1 July, and buying without a valid licence is unlawful possession under section 18.

Where may a broker trade: mineral markets and buying stations?

Section 27C of the Mining Act directs the Commission to establish Mineral and Gem Houses, made up of a Minerals Auction Centre, a Minerals Exchange and a Minerals Clearing House. Section 27C(2) provides that a person who wishes to buy or dispose of minerals "shall buy or dispose minerals at the Mineral and Gem Houses".

Where no House exists, section 27C(4) requires the Commission to establish mobile or fixed buying stations in active mining areas and to "issue broker's licence in respect of specific buying station or stations".

On the ground these are the mineral markets and buying centres the Commission supervises. A Commission officer told Jamhuri (18 June 2026) that there are 44 mineral markets and 120 buying centres in the country. That is a news report, not a gazetted list.

Mining licence holders may sell at "any market of choice" under section 27C(3); primary licence holders and artisanal miners sell through the markets, where brokers meet them. Our guide to mineral markets and buying centres explains how a market day runs.

What records and returns must a broker keep?

Section 84 requires the holder to keep "full and accurate" records and accounts of all transactions, in the prescribed form, and to submit them to the Commission on expiry of the licence. Form MTF.10, the broker's mineral register, sets the columns.

RecordWhat to enterSource
ReceiptsDate, seller's name and address, buying price, signature of the person making the entryForm MTF.10
Sales and dispatchesDate, buyer's name and address, net weight, selling priceForm MTF.10
Summary and certificateMonthly totals by weight; signed statement that minerals were acquired lawfullyForm MTF.10
SubmissionOn expiry of the licence; quarterly reports for building and industrial mineral brokersMining Act s.84(b); GN 2 reg. 13F (GN 418)
Point-of-sale dataElectronic transmission of every sale, for building and industrial mineral brokersGN 2 reg. 13E (GN 418)

The timing rules conflict: Form MTF.10 is titled monthly, section 84 says on expiry, and the 2022 rules say quarterly. Keep the register daily and file it each quarter unless the Resident Mines Office directs otherwise.

How does the 25 percent rule for dealers differ?

The dealer licence is the tier above. It is open to companies with foreign shareholders, provided at least 25 percent is Tanzanian-held (F0622). RIVE & Co adds that one director must be a Tanzanian citizen. A broker licence allows no foreign membership at all.

PointBroker licenceDealer licence
Who may hold itCitizens; companies wholly owned, directed and controlled by citizensCompanies at least 25% Tanzanian-held
Where it buysNamed buying stationsLicensed premises, markets, miners and brokers
Who it sells toLicensed dealersDomestic buyers, refineries, the Bank of Tanzania and export buyers
Register returnsForm MTF.10Form MTF.7 monthly, by the third day (reg. 10)

Our gemstone and diamond trading guide covers the class differences between gold and stones.

What royalty and inspection fee apply to a brokered parcel?

Royalty and the inspection fee are charged on gross value, not on the broker's margin.

At a market the Commission values the parcel and collects these charges before the gold moves on. Who bears them is a commercial term, so write it into the purchase note. Our royalty and inspection fee guide covers valuation and provisional payment.

Income tax is separate: the register records 2 percent withholding on payments to primary licence holders and artisanal miners (F0629).

Can a broker use the Bank of Tanzania gold purchase route?

Not directly. The Bank of Tanzania's public notice of 1 October 2024 invites "any mineral rights holder, a licensed dealer, or a refinery with an Agreement with the BOT" to sell gold to the Bank. Brokers are not listed, and section 83(1) lets a broker sell only to a licensed dealer.

The concession still shapes broker prices. The Finance Act, 2024 added a 4 percent royalty rate for gold sold to the Bank (section 59) and extended the inspection fee exemption to a person selling gold to the Bank (section 61). Section 57 requires mineral right holders and licensed dealers to set aside gold of not less than 20 percent. Register line F0627 summarises the concession: royalty 4 percent instead of 6, inspection fee 0 instead of 1, and VAT zero-rating.

A dealer selling to the Bank can therefore pay a broker more per gram. The gold export guide explains how the set-aside interacts with export permits.

What are the penalties for trading without a broker licence?

BreachConsequenceBasis
Possessing or disposing of minerals without a licenceIndividual: fine TZS 5,000,000 to 10,000,000, or 1 to 3 years' imprisonment, or both. Body corporate: fine TZS 20,000,000 to 50,000,000Mining Act s.18(1) and (4), 2019 text
Exporting as a brokerSame s.18(4) penalties; minerals at risk of seizures.18(3), s.83(2)
Unsafe storage or indirect transit of mineralsFine up to TZS 20,000,000, or up to one yearGN 2 of 2018 reg. 11(4)
Default under the licence, such as missing recordsDefault notice, then termination if not remedieds.85(1) and (2)
POS breach by a building or industrial mineral brokerHighest sales or production multiplied by the number of offline vouchers; more than three breaches is a defaultGN 2 reg. 13E(2) and (3) (GN 418)

The fines are from the 2019 revised text; check the 2023 edition. An arrest, a seizure of gold or a charge goes to an advocate at once.

What must a foreign buyer do instead?

A foreigner or foreign-owned company cannot hold a broker licence, directly or through a citizen nominee. The lawful routes are:

  1. A dealer licence through a Tanzanian company that is at least 25 percent Tanzanian-held (F0622), which may buy from brokers and export.
  2. A mining licence under section 27C(3), whose holder may sell its own output at any market of choice. See our mining licence guide.
  3. An offtake from a licensed dealer, buying the exported parcel abroad.

Section 8(2) tests control as well as shares, so a citizen nominee fronting a foreign financier puts the licence at risk. Our Tanzania mining hub sets out each route.

How does Zanzibar handle mineral brokers?

Section 2 of the Mining Act states: "This Act shall apply to Tanzania Mainland." The broker licence and the Mining Commission do not reach Unguja or Pemba.

Zanzibar has been building its own framework. The Citizen reported on 28 November 2024 on a proposed Zanzibar mining law. We could not locate the enacted text, its Act number, its regulator or any broker class, so treat the Zanzibar position as unknown until you see the Act.

PointMainland TanzaniaZanzibar
LawMining Act, Cap. 123; GN 2 of 2018Zanzibar law; enacted text not located
RegulatorMining Commission (Tume ya Madini)Confirm with the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar ministry responsible for minerals
Broker licenceYes, citizens only, TZS 50,000 plus 200,000 (F0623)Unknown
Company registerBRELABPRA

A Mainland broker licence gives no right to trade in Zanzibar, and a Zanzibar trader needs a Zanzibar company; see registering with BPRA.

Worked example: a gold broker's first year at Geita

Amani Minerals Ltd, owned and directed by two citizens, applies in November 2026 for a gold broker licence at two Geita buying stations. The gold price and exchange rate are assumptions; use the Commission's indicative price on the day.

Step 1, licence costs (F0623).

A gold dealer licence would cost USD 1,200 (F0622), about TZS 3,000,000.

Step 2, one parcel. Amani buys 500 grams of gold from primary licence holders at TZS 276,000 a gram, paying TZS 138,000,000. It sells the parcel to a licensed dealer at the Geita market at an assumed valuation of TZS 280,000 a gram. The gross value is TZS 140,000,000, and Amani's gross margin is TZS 2,000,000.

Step 3, charges on gross value.

The charges are almost five times Amani's margin, so the purchase note must say who bears them.

Step 4, the Bank of Tanzania route. If the dealer later sells the same gold to the Bank, royalty falls to 4 percent, or TZS 5,600,000, and the inspection fee to nil (F0627). With the levy, assumed to apply, charges fall to TZS 5,740,000, a saving of TZS 4,200,000. Amani cannot sell to the Bank itself, but may share in that saving through price.

Step 5, withholding. If 2 percent withholding applies to the payment to miners (F0629), it is TZS 2,760,000 on TZS 138,000,000. Zatra's professional fee is quoted separately.

What to do now

  1. Check eligibility. Confirm every shareholder, director and controller is a citizen with no disqualifying conviction.
  2. Set up the company. Incorporate with BRELA and obtain a TIN.
  3. Pick the stations. Name your buying stations in Form MTF.8.
  4. File and pay. Lodge MTF.8 in duplicate and pay the F0623 fees against the control numbers.
  5. Open the register. Start Form MTF.10 on the first purchase and file it each quarter.
  6. Diarise renewal. File Form MTF.12 with the turnover report by 31 May each year.
  7. Plan the next tier. To export or take a foreign partner, move to a dealer licence.

Key dates and deadlines

WhenDate in the exampleActionBasis
GrantNovember 2026Licence issued for named stationsMining Act s.81
Each purchase and saleSame dayEnter in Form MTF.10; royalty and inspection fee at the markets.84; F0624, F0625
Quarterly31 December 2026, 31 March 2027, 30 June 2027Submit register extracts (safe practice)GN 2 reg. 13F; Form MTF.10
Renewal applicationBy 31 May 2027File Form MTF.12 with fees and turnover reports.82(1); reg. 13(2)
Expiry30 June 2027Licence lapses; records due to the Commissions.81(2); s.84(b)
Default noticeWithin the time the notice statesRemedy or face terminations.85

How Zatra helps

Zatra's sector business permits service prepares broker and dealer licence files, ownership records, registers and renewal calendars, with Mining Commission inspection readiness. Packages are on our pricing page; reach the team through contacts.

Government fees, royalty, inspection fee and levies are paid by the client to the Mining Commission at the official amount against a control number. They are separate from Zatra's professional fee and are never marked up. Our government fees handbook lists the official figures.

The Commission decides every grant, renewal and valuation. Zatra prepares and coordinates the file; it does not decide or guarantee any authority's outcome. Prosecution, seizure of minerals, disputes over valuation, court or tribunal work and formal legal opinions go to Zatra's advocate.

Sources and status

Accurate as at 12 October 2026. Fees are from the Zatra fee register at 26 September 2026; legal text is from the versions listed below.

Figures to confirm before you act

This article is general information based on official sources available at the date of publication. It is not legal, tax or financial advice. Laws and notices change. Verify with the issuing authority or consult Zatra before acting.

Frequently asked questions

Can a Tanzanian citizen married to a foreigner hold a broker licence?

Yes. Marriage does not disqualify the citizen. A foreign spouse cannot be a shareholder or director of a licensed company, and should not direct the business behind the citizen's name.

Does one broker licence cover both gold and gemstones?

Form MTF.8 asks which minerals the applicant wants, and the licence names them. List every mineral you plan to buy at the outset, because buying a mineral not named on the licence is outside its authority. Ask the Resident Mines Office whether adding a mineral later needs a fresh application.

Can a broker buy from another broker?

Section 83(1) lets a broker buy at a designated buying station and sell to a licensed dealer. It does not name sales between brokers. For building and industrial minerals, regulation 13D allows purchases from authorised miners and licensed dealers. Treat broker-to-broker trade in gold as outside the licence unless the Commission confirms otherwise in writing.

Is a broker licence transferable if the company is sold?

The Act gives no transfer route for a broker licence. More importantly, a sale of shares to a foreigner would end the citizen-ownership qualification under section 80(3). The licence would then be held by a disqualified person, and the Commission could act. Plan any change of ownership before signing.

Does a broker need a separate business licence from BRELA or the council?

The Mining Act and GN 2 of 2018 do not address it, and we found no official statement either way. Ask the local authority in writing whether it requires a business licence for the broker's office, and keep the reply on file for inspections.

What happens to minerals in stock when a broker licence expires?

After 30 June an unrenewed broker has no licence to possess or sell minerals, which risks the section 18 offence. Sell or hand over stock to a licensed dealer before expiry. File the records due on expiry, and keep a copy of the renewal application if it is still pending.

Can a cooperative of artisanal miners take a broker licence?

Section 8(2) speaks of individuals, partnerships and companies. A registered cooperative is not named. Regulation 13B, added in 2022, lets the Commission license a group of individuals in special circumstances, but only for building and industrial minerals. Ask the Commission which vehicle it accepts for a gold cooperative.

Sources & regulators

Verify before filing: Rates, forms and thresholds move by Finance Act, Government Notice and portal revision. Confirm the live schedule on the mandate-holder portal before you budget or submit. Law-firm alerts and Big Four notes are discovery only.

Brief the desk

This Insights page is orientation. Sector business permits is the commercial desk for the same facts. Zatra’s fee stays on its own line, separate from government, bank and regulator charges. Approvals are not guaranteed.

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Disclaimer

This article is informational orientation. It is not legal, tax or investment advice and not a government decision. Tanzanian instruments move by Act, Government Notice, Finance Act and portal revision. If a sentence here disagrees with the live mandate-holder, the mandate-holder wins. Zatra Consultants Limited does not issue licences, permits, tax clearances or approvals, and gives no assurance of any regulatory or banking outcome. Professional fees are published only on /pricing/.

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