Mining & Minerals

Explosives Licence Tanzania: Import Permits, Magazine Licences and Blasting Certificates for Mines and Quarries

Cover: explosives licensing for mines and quarries in Mainland Tanzania under the Explosives Act Cap. 45 and the Explosives Regulations GN 561 of 1964
Import permit, licence to acquire, magazine licence, transport permit and blasting certificate are separate authorisations under Cap. 45. As at 17 October 2026.
Direct answer

Which explosives licence does a mine or quarry need in Tanzania? On the Mainland, the Explosives Act, Cap. 45 requires separate authorisations for each step. Importing needs a Commissioner's import permit, buying needs a licence to acquire, storage needs a magazine construction permit and then a magazine licence, transport needs an inspector's permit, and every person who conducts blasting needs a blasting certificate.

An explosives licence Tanzania mines and quarries rely on is not one document. It is a chain of permits under a 1963 Act and its 1964 regulations, administered in practice through the Mining Commission. This guide covers who issues each authorisation, records, penalties, local content, Zanzibar and a compliance budget. It covers licensing only, not technique.

What the law says about explosives licences

Commercial explosives sit under their own statute. A mining licence, a quarry permit or a business licence does not authorise anyone to import, store, move or use them. Four instruments set the frame.

The Act is pre-Union Tanganyika law. Section 3(1) refers to explosives approved "for use in Mainland Tanzania". The Mining Act, Cap. 123 states in section 2 that it "shall apply to Tanzania Mainland", as the TanzLII text of the Mining Act shows. Zanzibar is covered in its own section below.

Who should read this

If you are still choosing a mineral right, start with our mining licence guide or the primary mining licence guide. This article assumes the right is in place or in progress.

Which authorisation does each step need?

Cap. 45 follows the explosive from the port to the blast. Each step has its own authorisation and its own issuing officer. The table maps them.

StepAuthorisationIssued byBasisForm (GN 561)
ImportImport permitCommissioner, after consulting the Director of Criminal Investigationss.14Forms 1 and 2
Repeat import by a magazine or store ownerGeneral authority to importCommissioner, after consulting the DCIs.16Form 3
Buying or acquiring locallyLicence to purchase or acquireCommissioner; DCI consulted for a s.24(1)(a) licences.24Forms 4 and 5
Selling or disposingPermit to dispose, or import-and-sell authorityCommissioner; DCI consulted for a s.26(1)(b) permitss.16, 26Not separately listed
Building a magazineMagazine construction permitCommissioner, on plans in triplicate and a site maps.31Reg. 5 map
Holding stock in a magazineMagazine licenceCommissioner, after inspection and payment of the prescribed fees.32Form 6
Holding stock in a storeExplosives store licenceInspectorss.33, 34Form 7
Moving explosivesTransport permitInspectors.20Prescribed form
Conducting blastingBlasting certificateInspector, after personal examination of competencess.40 to 42Forms 8 and 9
ManufacturingManufacturing licenceMinister, after consulting the Minister for Home Affairsss.7, 8Not covered here

Section 54(1) makes every certificate, licence and permit non-transferable, though the Commissioner may endorse a magazine or store licence on a change of ownership. A quarry buyer plans for new permits and an endorsement.

Who issues explosives permits today: the Commissioner or the Mining Commission?

The Act still names the Commissioner for Mines. It was not updated for the 2017 reforms that created the Mining Commission, but practice has moved.

Our working position: file with the Mining Commission through the Resident Mines Office for the site, and confirm the desk, forms and fee there first. See our Mining Commission inspection guide for the Commission's wider role.

What role do the Police and the Ministry of Home Affairs play?

Security agencies sit inside the Cap. 45 chain at defined points rather than running a parallel licence.

The Firearms and Ammunition Control Act, Cap. 223 R.E. 2023, published by the Tanzania Police Force, defines "explosive" and "explosives magazine" in section 3 and applies to Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar under section 2(1). It does not cross-refer to Cap. 45, and neither Act says how the two divide work for mining explosives.

How do you get a magazine licence?

Storage has two stages, and the second cannot start until the first is complete.

  1. Construction permit. Under section 31(1) no one may build a magazine without the Commissioner's written permit. The application carries plans in triplicate and a map at a scale of not less than 1:1,000. Regulation 5(1) requires the map to cover the area within a one-mile radius of the proposed site.
  2. Build to the approved plans. Regulation 7(3) requires approved plans and a varied licence for structural alterations. Repairs need an inspector's written permission under regulation 7(4).
  3. Inspection and licence. Section 32 provides for a magazine licence after inspection, on payment of the prescribed fee. The licence on Form 6 "shall remain in force until it is revoked or surrendered".
  4. Display and documents. A copy of the licence is displayed in the magazine (reg. 7(6)), written instructions to the person in charge are posted (reg. 7(7)), and a copy of the Act and Regulations is kept on site (reg. 50).

A smaller holding may sit in a store licensed by an inspector under sections 33 and 34. This guide does not cover design or siting criteria.

A magazine also has an environmental side. The NEMC annual fee schedule includes a line for explosives storage, shown in the budget below. Our note on environmental obligations after the EIA explains how annual fees, audits and monitoring work once a certificate is issued.

Who needs a blasting certificate?

Section 40 bars any person from supervising, conducting or performing blasting operations without a blasting certificate. Section 41 requires an experienced person in charge at each site who holds a certificate. The rules on the certificate itself sit in section 42.

A certificate is personal. A quarry that loses its certified shot-firer cannot blast until a replacement holder is appointed. Foreign specialists also need permits; see our work and residence permits service.

What records and returns must be kept?

Record duties are where inspections find most breaches. The inspection guide lists an unsigned magazine register among the common findings. The duties are these.

Record or reportWhoWhenBasis
Magazine or store register of every receipt and issueLicence holder and person in charge"Forthwith" on each movementCap. 45 s.37(1), (3)
Duplicate register kept at a separate placeLicence holderUpdated dailys.37(2)
Monthly return of stock (Form 10), in duplicateLicensed magazine or store holderOn or before the 10th of each monthGN 561 reg. 52
Monthly return of dealingsHolder of a general import authorityEnd of each months.16(4)(b), replaced by Act No. 4 of 2004
Loss, theft or break-in reportPerson in chargeForthwith, to police or administrative officer and an inspectors.29(1)
Accidental explosion causing injury or deathPerson in chargeWritten report "with the least possible delay" to the nearest inspectors.44(1)
Notice of closure of works holding explosivesOwnerOn closures.49
Written appointment of persons in chargeOwner or managerBefore they acts.10

Inspectors may enter at any hour, copy registers and seize explosives found poorly safeguarded (s.46). The section 44 report is in addition to OSHA and Workers Compensation Fund duties, covered in our OSHA registration guide.

What does explosives licensing cost?

Each Cap. 45 permit, licence and certificate carries "the prescribed fee". The Second Schedule to GN 561 lists nine fee categories, but the texts we read omit the amounts as "subject to variation", and the Zatra fee register has no Cap. 45 line. The Commission assesses these fees on filing. Quotable charges come from the regulators around the magazine and the supplier.

ItemAuthorityAmountRegister IDBasis
Import permit, licence to acquire, magazine permit and licence, transport permit, blasting certificateMining Commission (Commissioner and inspectors)Assessed on filingNot in registerCap. 45 ss.14 to 42; GN 561 reg. 4 and Second Schedule
NEMC annual fee, explosives storageNEMCTZS 1,000,000 a year (explosives manufacture TZS 2,500,000)F0508GN 387 of 2021 category 16 as substituted by GN 588 of 2024
EIA registration and project briefNEMCTZS 50,000 application; TZS 150,000 project briefF0495Environmental Management (fees) regulations, as recorded in the register
OSHA annual inspection, mining and quarryingOSHATZS 160,000 / 480,000 / 960,000 / 1,440,000 by size bandF0442GN 149 of 2015 First Schedule as amended
OSHA workplace registrationOSHANilNEW-04-40GN 149 of 2015 as amended
Business licence, dealer in explosives for mining, localBRELA (Class A, TNBP)TZS 1,000,000 principal / TZS 500,000 each branchBLA129Cap. 101 R.E. 2023 Schedule Part A item 23
Business licence, dealer in explosives for mining, foreign ownedBRELA (Class A, TNBP)USD 5,000 principal / USD 3,000 each branchBLA130Cap. 101 R.E. 2023 Schedule Part A item 23

The ammonium nitrate a supplier imports or stores may also need GCLA registration. Our GCLA guide for mining chemicals sets out that regime. Fees for the full NEMC review range sit in the government fees handbook.

Can a foreign company supply explosives to Tanzanian mines?

Not directly, on the list announced in January 2026. The Mining (Local Content) Regulations, GN 3 of 2018, were amended by GN 563 of 2025, published on 12 September 2025. FB Attorneys, writing for LEX Africa on 29 January 2026, explains that new regulation 13A requires the Commission to publish goods and services that only 100% Tanzanian-owned indigenous companies may supply.

TanzaniaInvest reported on 6 January 2026 that the Minister for Minerals announced a list of 20 items in Dodoma on 5 January 2026. Item 12 reads "Supply of Explosives and Explosives Accessories". For reserved items, the 20% joint venture route in regulation 8(6) does not apply.

We have not read the Gazette notice or Commission announcement carrying the list. Confirm the current list and its effective date with the Commission before bidding. Our note on local content ownership checks explains the fronting offences under regulation 49, which carry fines of up to TZS 10 billion.

What are the penalties for breaching the Explosives Act?

Penalties are heavy and many carry a minimum fine. The figures below are from the TanzLII consolidation as amended in 2002.

ProvisionOffencePenalty on conviction
s.3(2)Dealing in explosives not approved for use in Mainland TanzaniaFine not less than TZS 5,000,000, or 3 to 7 years' imprisonment, or both
s.7(2)Manufacture without a licence or permitFine not less than TZS 5,000,000, or 3 to 7 years, or both
s.45(3)Refusing to attend, produce documents or answer at an inspector's inquiryFine not less than TZS 100,000 (Laws of Tanzania text)
s.51Any other offence with no specific penalty, including import, register and reporting breachesFine not less than TZS 2,000,000, or 3 to 7 years, or both
s.53Conviction or other good and sufficient reasonRevocation of the permit, licence or certificate; appeal to the Minister

Section 52 puts the burden of proving lawful possession on the possessor, and section 12(5) presumes unauthorised access after a loss or theft. A missing register entry is therefore a legal exposure. Seizure, an inquiry or a charge goes to an advocate the same day.

How does Zanzibar handle explosives and quarrying?

Zanzibar is not covered by the Mainland mining licensing regime. The Mining Act, Cap. 123 applies to Tanzania Mainland under section 2. The Explosives Act text we read has no application clause and refers to approval "for use in Mainland Tanzania". We found no Zanzibar explosives statute this session.

Our plain position: a quarry or contractor that plans to blast in Zanzibar should obtain written guidance from the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar ministry responsible for minerals and from the Police before ordering any explosives. Mainland Cap. 45 permits should not be assumed to carry across.

Worked example: a quarry adds its own magazine

Example: a Tanzanian-owned company holds a mining licence for a building-materials quarry in Pwani. It employs 30 people. It has bought explosives through a contractor and now wants its own magazine, with two staff holding blasting certificates. It buys from a local licensed supplier, so it needs no import permit.

StageAuthorityItemRegister IDAmount
1Mining CommissionMagazine construction permitNot in registerAssessed on filing
2NEMCEIA registration and project brief, if NEMC screens the magazine as a new projectF0495TZS 200,000
3Mining CommissionMagazine licence after inspectionNot in registerAssessed on filing
4Mining CommissionLicence to purchase or acquireNot in registerAssessed on filing
5Mining CommissionTwo blasting certificates, five years eachNot in registerAssessed on filing
6NEMCAnnual fee, explosives storageF0508TZS 1,000,000 a year
7OSHAAnnual inspection, mining and quarrying, small band (5 to 49 employees)F0442TZS 480,000 a year
Quotable government charges, first yearTZS 1,680,000

The first-year total of TZS 1,680,000 is 200,000 plus 1,000,000 plus 480,000. From year two, the recurring quotable charges are TZS 1,480,000. At an assumed rate of TZS 2,500 to the US dollar, the first-year figure is about USD 672. The Cap. 45 fees in stages 1, 3, 4 and 5 come on top, at the amounts on the Commission's control numbers.

The sequence runs: construction permit, building, NEMC screening, inspection, magazine licence, then the licence to acquire. Neither the Act nor the 1964 regulations sets a decision period. Our planning assumption is several months, so keep buying through the contractor until the licence issues.

A foreign-owned dealer would pay BLA130 at USD 5,000, but under the January 2026 list it could not supply a mining licensee directly. USD and TZS totals are kept separate.

What to do now

  1. Map the chain. List every step your site touches: buying, storage, transport and blasting. Match each to the authorisation in the first table.
  2. Check the issuing desk. Ask the Resident Mines Office which forms, fees and supporting documents it applies to Cap. 45 permits today.
  3. Appoint in writing. Name the person in charge of the magazine and each blasting certificate holder under section 10, and keep signed copies.
  4. Audit certificates. Confirm each shot-firer's certificate class matches the work and diarise five-year renewals.
  5. Fix the registers. Keep the magazine register and its duplicate current, and file Form 10 by the 10th of each month.
  6. Test your supplier. Check that the supplier holds Cap. 45 permits, a BLA129 dealer licence and 100% Tanzanian ownership under the reserved list.
  7. Align NEMC and OSHA. Confirm whether the magazine needs NEMC screening and pay the annual fees and OSHA inspection on time.
  8. Plan for incidents. Write the loss, theft and accident reporting steps into site procedures, with the police and inspector contacts.

Key dates and deadlines

EventDeadlineBasis
Monthly stock return (Form 10)On or before the 10th of the following monthGN 561 reg. 52
Monthly return of dealings, general import authorityEnd of each monthCap. 45 s.16(4)(b)
General import authority expiry31 December following the date of issues.16
Blasting certificate renewalFive years from issues.42(6)
Appeal against suspension of a blasting certificateWithin 30 dayss.42(8)
Loss or theft reportForthwiths.29(1)
Accident reportWith the least possible delays.44(1)

How Zatra helps

Zatra's sector business permits service maps the Cap. 45 chain for a site, prepares the magazine and acquisition files, tracks certificate renewals and monthly returns, and coordinates NEMC and OSHA. For dealers, we prepare the BLA129 business licence and the local content file. Our Tanzania mining hub covers the wider sector, and the team is reached through contacts.

Government fees and levies are paid by the client to each authority at the official amount against a control number. They are separate from Zatra's professional fee and are never marked up.

The Mining Commission, NEMC, OSHA and the Police decide every application. Zatra prepares and coordinates the file; it does not decide or guarantee any authority's outcome. Prosecution, seizure of explosives, inquiries under section 45, disputes over revocation and formal legal opinions go to Zatra's advocate. Zatra gives no advice on explosive technique, quantities or handling; that sits with certified blasting professionals and the inspector.

Sources and status

Accurate as at 17 October 2026. Fees are from the Zatra fee register at 26 September 2026; legal text is from the versions listed below.

Figures to confirm before you act

This article is general information based on official sources available at the date of publication. It is not legal, tax or financial advice. Laws and notices change. Verify with the issuing authority or consult Zatra before acting.

Frequently asked questions

Can a quarry blast using its contractor's blasting certificate?

Yes, where the contractor's certified staff conduct the blasting and the contractor holds the explosives under its own permits. Section 43 still makes the quarry's employer and manager responsible for compliance. Put the split of duties, records and reporting in the contract.

Does a primary mining licence holder need separate explosives permits?

Yes. A primary mining licence authorises mining, not the purchase, storage or use of explosives. A small-scale miner who blasts needs a certified blaster and a lawful source, or a licensed contractor who holds both.

Can a blasting certificate holder work at any mine in Tanzania?

The certificate is personal and covers the class of work printed on it. It travels with the holder between Mainland sites, but each employer must appoint the holder in writing and check the class fits the work. It does not authorise blasting in Zanzibar.

What happens to a magazine licence when a quarry is sold?

Licences are not transferable under section 54(1). The Commissioner may endorse a magazine or store licence on a change of ownership. The buyer applies for that endorsement and for its own licence to acquire, and appoints new persons in charge.

Is a road contractor blasting rock outside a mining licence covered?

Yes. Cap. 45 applies to any person who acquires, stores, transports or uses explosives, not only mineral right holders. A road or dam contractor needs the same permits and certified blasters as a quarry.

Does the Mining Commission publish Cap. 45 application forms online?

The forms are in the First Schedule to GN 561 of 1964, numbered 1 to 10. The Commission's website has an explosives permit page, but we could not read it on our access date. Collect the current forms from the Resident Mines Office.

Can a 20% Tanzanian joint venture supply explosives to a mine?

Not on the January 2026 reserved list. Reserved items may only be supplied by companies wholly owned by Tanzanian citizens, so the 20% joint venture route does not apply. Confirm the Gazette version of the list before structuring a supply deal.

Who should a mine call after an explosives theft?

Report forthwith to the nearest police officer or administrative officer and to an inspector of explosives, as section 29(1) requires. Keep the register as it stands, record the report reference, and brief an advocate, because the law presumes unauthorised access unless shown otherwise.

Sources & regulators

Verify before filing: Rates, forms and thresholds move by Finance Act, Government Notice and portal revision. Confirm the live schedule on the mandate-holder portal before you budget or submit. Law-firm alerts and Big Four notes are discovery only.

Brief the desk

This Insights page is orientation. Sector business permits is the commercial desk for the same facts. Zatra’s fee stays on its own line, separate from government, bank and regulator charges. Approvals are not guaranteed.

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Disclaimer

This article is informational orientation. It is not legal, tax or investment advice and not a government decision. Tanzanian instruments move by Act, Government Notice, Finance Act and portal revision. If a sentence here disagrees with the live mandate-holder, the mandate-holder wins. Zatra Consultants Limited does not issue licences, permits, tax clearances or approvals, and gives no assurance of any regulatory or banking outcome. Professional fees are published only on /pricing/.

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